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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>NZISM Comparison</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
}
h1 {
color: #040477;
}
table {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
thead {
background-color: #040477;
color: white;
}
th, td {
padding: 0.3em;
text-align: left;
}
td {
border: 1px solid black;
max-width: 800px;
overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
span.insert {
text-decoration: underline;
background-color: mediumseagreen;
}
span.delete {
text-decoration: line-through;
background-color: firebrick;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<section>
<p>This is a report of changes between <strong>nzism-data/NZISM-FullDoc-V.3.5-January-2022.xml</strong> and <strong>nzism-data/NZISM-ISM Document-V.-3.9-April-2025.xml</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#controls_added">Controls Added</a></li>
<li><a href="#controls_removed">Controls Removed</a></li>
<li><a href="#controls_changed">Controls Changed</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="controls_added">
<h1>Controls Added</h1>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>CID</th>
<th>Title</th>
<th>Classifications</th>
<th>Compliances</th>
<th>Text</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>7206</td>
<td>2.4.13.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD ensure they are aware of the latest developments in post-quantum cryptography. GCSB is tracking these developments and will continue to provide advice through the NZISM.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7207</td>
<td>2.4.13.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD maintain an inventory of sensitive and critical datasets that must be secured for an extended amount of time. This will ensure datasets that may be at risk now and decrypted once a cryptographically relevant quantum computer is available are not secured solely through the use of quantum vulnerable cryptography.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7208</td>
<td>2.4.13.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD conduct an inventory of systems using cryptographic technologies to determine the potential size and scope of future transition work once post-quantum cryptographic systems become available.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7209</td>
<td>2.4.13.C.04.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD identify which systems in their inventory rely on public key cryptography and note them as quantum vulnerable in agency risk assessments.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7210</td>
<td>2.4.13.C.05.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD determine a priority order for quantum vulnerable systems to be transitioned from classical cryptography to post-quantum cryptography.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7211</td>
<td>2.4.13.C.06.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD consider the following factors when prioritising the quantum vulnerable systems:</p>
<ul>
<li>Is the system a high value asset based on agency requirements?</li>
<li>Does the system protect sensitive information (e.g., key stores, passwords, root keys, signing keys, personal information, and classified information)?</li>
<li>Do other systems (internal or external to the agency) depend on the cryptographic protections in place on the quantum vulnerable system?</li>
<li>How long does the data need to be protected?</li>
</ul></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7212</td>
<td>2.4.13.C.07.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Using the inventory and prioritisation information, agencies SHOULD develop a plan for system transitions upon publication of the new post-quantum cryptographic standard.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7536</td>
<td>7.2.20.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD formally share post-incident review reports by emailing them to <a title="NCSC incidents" href="mailto:incidents@ncsc.govt.nz">incidents@ncsc.govt.nz</a>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7524</td>
<td>11.1.15.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies wishing to permit the use of Bluetooth MUST develop a policy that details the circumstances under which Bluetooth usage is permitted, and situations where it is not to be used.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7525</td>
<td>11.1.15.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>The policy position MUST include information about Bluetooth security controls that are to be used, and methods for verifying that the controls are in place and are effective.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7526</td>
<td>11.1.16.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST ensure that Bluetooth pairing is only established between authorised devices. (Unless a gateway is being used, paired devices are considered to operate at the same security classification level).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7527</td>
<td>11.1.16.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD ensure that Bluetooth discovery of devices is disabled unless a new pairing connection is being established.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7528</td>
<td>11.1.16.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD ensure that Bluetooth device pairing only occurs at a location where only authorised persons have access.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7529</td>
<td>11.1.16.C.04.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD ensure that Bluetooth pairings are removed when they are no longer required.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7530</td>
<td>11.1.17.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies using Bluetooth MUST use the most secure configuration supported by the paired devices.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7531</td>
<td>11.1.17.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD identify the:</p>
<ul>
<li>Bluetooth type (BR/EDR or LE), </li>
<li>version, and</li>
<li>security capabilities;</li>
</ul>
<p>for devices used to form Bluetooth connections, and ensure they are used to inform risk decisions on the use of Bluetooth.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7532</td>
<td>11.1.17.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD ensure that new Bluetooth connections between devices are authenticated using explicit user actions, such as entry of a numeric code, confirmation of a matching PIN, or other affirming action, such as challenge-response process.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7533</td>
<td>11.1.18.C.01.</td>
<td>Unclassified/In-Confidence</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies using Bluetooth between devices to transfer UNCLASSIFIED or IN-CONFIDENCE information SHOULD ensure that connections meet NZISM standards for authentication and use Approved Cryptographic Algorithms for encryption and message integrity. </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7534</td>
<td>11.1.18.C.02.</td>
<td>Restricted/Sensitive</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies using Bluetooth between devices to transfer RESTRICTED or SENSITIVE information MUST ensure that connections meet NZISM standards for authentication and use Approved Cryptographic Algorithms for encryption and message integrity.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7535</td>
<td>11.1.18.C.03.</td>
<td>Restricted/Sensitive</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>If Bluetooth specifications do not support these approved encryption methods, organisations MUST do a risk assessment and use the exception or waiver process to accept this risk.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7537</td>
<td>11.8.13.C.01.</td>
<td>Top Secret, Secret, Confidential</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Use of MFDs for printing, scanning, and copying purposes SHOULD be centrally logged.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7519</td>
<td>15.2.36.C.03</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST manage “received DMARC messages” in accordance with the agency’s published DMARC policy.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7520</td>
<td>15.2.36.C.05</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD produce failure reports and aggregate reports according to the agency’s DMARC policies.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7521</td>
<td>15.2.48.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD enable MTA-STS to prevent the unencrypted transfer of emails between complying servers.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7522</td>
<td>15.2.48.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST use TLS 1.2 or above when implementing MTA-STS.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7523</td>
<td>15.2.48.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD enable TLS reporting when implementing MTA-STS.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7541</td>
<td>16.1.25.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD design and implement Zero Trust principles and architecture to strengthen identification management.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7542</td>
<td>16.1.27.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must Not</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST NOT use shared credentials to access administrator or privileged access accounts.</p>
<p>NB: Break Glass accounts are exempt from this control. For further guidance on Break Glass accounts see Emergency accounts (Break Glass accounts section).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7543</td>
<td>16.1.30.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD assess and determine the risk of centralised access management systems, including SSO, to safely manage integration into systems and when using FIM.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7544</td>
<td>16.1.31.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST ensure adequate password policies are implemented and enforced across all systems.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7545</td>
<td>16.1.31.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST implement a password policy enforcing <strong>at least annual</strong> password changes on systems that <strong>have not</strong> implemented MFA or passwordless authentication.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7546</td>
<td>16.1.31.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST implement a password policy enforcing:</p>
<ul>
<li>A minimum password length of 16 characters (e.g four words).</li>
<li>Passwords must be <strong>long, strong and unique</strong>. This means passwords must be a minimum character length, and are a combination of unique random words, characters or numbers.</li>
</ul>
<p>NB: no explicit complexity requirements are enforced (e.g. numbers or special characters), however passwords must be unique, or random and <strong>may</strong> include special characters and numbers to achieve this.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7547</td>
<td>16.1.31.C.04.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>To ensure security of systems are not weakened through authentication mechanisms, at a minimum, agencies MUST:</p>
<ul>
<li>apply MFA appropriately (refer to controls in Section 16.7);</li>
<li>ensure authentication secrets (including passwords) are securely stored;</li>
<li>remove knowledge-based questions from authentication process (eg, dog’s name, first school etc.);</li>
<li>new passwords are screened to reduce the likelihood of previously compromised passwords;</li>
<li>remove hints from authentication process; and</li>
<li>change passwords when a suspected or known compromise of an account has occurred.</li>
</ul></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7548</td>
<td>16.1.31.C.06.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD consider the use of location-based factors in the authentication process, (e.g., Users must be at an expected location (city, country, IP address) and provide the correct credentials for the authentication to succeed).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7549</td>
<td>16.1.31.C.07.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>When creating password policies, agencies SHOULD consider implementing annual password changes.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7562</td>
<td>16.1.34.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Passwords and other authentication secrets MUST be stored securely including being:</p>
<ul>
<li>salted (32 bits or more),
<ul>
<li>salts should be unique to each password and should be randomly generated.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>hashed (HMAC using SHA-2/3), and</li>
<li>“stretched” (such as PBKDF2 with at least:
<ul>
<li>600k iterations with internal hash function of HMAC-SHA-256; or</li>
<li>210k iterations with internal hash function of HMAC-SHA-512).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7551</td>
<td>16.1.36.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Where passwords are not set by the account holder, agencies MUST use temporary passwords when resetting system user accounts.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7552</td>
<td>16.1.36.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should Not</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD NOT use single factor authentication when changing users’ Multi-Factor Authentication details.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7558</td>
<td>16.1.37.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Password managers provide no additional security to the sign-in password. Agencies using password managers MUST ensure sign-in passwords adhere to the password security policies used by the organisation.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7559</td>
<td>16.1.37.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies using password managers SHOULD consider the use of MFA to access the password manager.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7556</td>
<td>16.1.38.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>When moving to passwordless authentication, agencies SHOULD carry out a risk assessment and evaluate passwordless authentication models to choose authentication mechanisms and factors that best fit the organisation’s security and authentication requirements.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7554</td>
<td>16.1.39.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST ensure authentication methods that are susceptible to replay attacks are disabled.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7550</td>
<td>16.4.37.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW132241447 BCX8">Agencies</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW132241447 BCX8">SHOULD</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW132241447 BCX8"> consider the use of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW132241447 BCX8">time bound revocation to privileged accounts.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7553</td>
<td>16.4.39.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p><span class="TextRun Highlight SCXW17435025 BCX8"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW17435025 BCX8">Agencies</span> </span><span class="TextRun Highlight SCXW17435025 BCX8"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW17435025 BCX8">MUST </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW17435025 BCX8">investigate any </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW17435025 BCX8">indication</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW17435025 BCX8"> of compromise or misuse </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW17435025 BCX8">of systems credentials or accounts</span></span><span class="TextRun Highlight SCXW17435025 BCX8"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW17435025 BCX8">.</span></span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7555</td>
<td>16.5.12.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p><span class="TextRun Highlight SCXW162426022 BCX8"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW162426022 BCX8">Agencies</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW162426022 BCX8">SHOULD use Zero Trust principles alongside the use of VPN connections to enhance the security posture of the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW162426022 BCX8">organisation</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW162426022 BCX8">.</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW162426022 BCX8"> This should include removing the ability for a standard user to disable the VPN connection.</span></span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7557</td>
<td>16.6.13.C.05.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p><span class="TextRun Highlight SCXW250297705 BCX8"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW250297705 BCX8">Agencies</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW250297705 BCX8"> should prioritise their log retention </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW250297705 BCX8">requirements based on the risks surrounding their most sensitive systems</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW250297705 BCX8">.</span></span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7560</td>
<td>16.6.15.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p><span class="TextRun Highlight SCXW245238288 BCX8"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW245238288 BCX8">Agencies</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW245238288 BCX8"> SHOULD have a monitoring solution implemented that enables detection of incidents as they occur so that </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW245238288 BCX8">appropriate responses</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW245238288 BCX8"> can be taken in adequate </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW245238288 BCX8">timeframes</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW245238288 BCX8">.</span></span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7561</td>
<td>16.6.15.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p><span class="TextRun Highlight SCXW216480023 BCX8"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW216480023 BCX8">Agencies</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW216480023 BCX8"> SHOULD have systems available for processing system event logs to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW216480023 BCX8">identify</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW216480023 BCX8"> and correlate events which </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW216480023 BCX8">indicate</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW216480023 BCX8"> behavioural anomalies or potential security compromise in the systems, in a near real-time manner.</span></span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7563</td>
<td>16.7.42.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Where an agency has external facing systems, cloud-based services, or is authenticating to third-party services services, they MUST:</p>
<ul>
<li>require MFA for all user accounts; and</li>
<li>implement a secure, multi-factor process to allow entities to reset their standard user credentials.</li>
</ul></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7564</td>
<td>16.7.42.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST implement MFA on all user accounts with <strong>remote</strong> access to organisational resources.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7565</td>
<td>16.7.42.C.04.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD implement MFA on all user accounts with access to organisational resources.<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Open Sans',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"> </span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7566</td>
<td>16.7.42.C.05.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Where agencies have implemented MFA, they SHOULD implement phishing-resistant MFA on administration accounts.<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Open Sans',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"> </span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7567</td>
<td>16.7.42.C.06.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD use phishing-resistant MFA when authenticating users to systems.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7538</td>
<td>18.2.9.C.01.</td>
<td>Secret, Confidential, Top Secret</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>EAP-TLS or PEAP-EAP-TLS MUST be used on wireless networks to perform mutual authentication.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7539</td>
<td>18.2.19.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must Not</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST NOT use Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) for wireless deployments.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7540</td>
<td>18.2.19.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD use Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3) for wireless deployments with preference given to WPA3-Enterprise 192-bit mode.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7250</td>
<td>18.7.14.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Agencies MUST undertake a threat and risk assessment on the use of inverse split tunnelling prior to enabling the functionality in remote access VPN systems.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7251</td>
<td>18.7.14.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering">When providing inverse split-tunnelled access to internet based services (“directly accessed services”), the following aspects SHOULD be considered as part of the threat and risk assessment:</p><ul>
<li>How do directly accessed services authenticate agency device identities prior to granting access to the service?</li>
<li>How do agency devices securely resolve internet addresses for directly accessed services?</li>
<li>How are the communications between the devices and directly accessed services secured?</li>
<li>How does an agency monitor and account for access made to directly accessed services?</li>
<li>How does an agency protect devices from compromise if they are able to directly access internet based resources, or be directly accessed from the internet?</li>
<li>How do directly accessed services authenticate the user of the agency device prior to granting access to the service (this is separate to authenticating the agency device itself)?</li>
<li>How does an agency enforce the use of multi-factor authentication with directly accessed services?</li>
<li>How does an agency authorise access to directly accessed services, and does this include from devices that are not authorised to connect to agency remote access services (authorisation and authentication are separate activities)?</li>
<li>How is access to directly accessed cloud services removed when staff no longer require access or leave the agency?</li>
</ul></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7349</td>
<td>23.1.54.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST clearly identify and understand where classification, security domain, and trust zone boundaries exist <strong>prior</strong> to implementation or adoption of public cloud services.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7350</td>
<td>23.1.54.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Where multiple identity systems under different security policies are used to control access to an agency’s instance of a public cloud service, the instance MUST be considered to be in a separate security domain from services where access control is managed solely by the agency’s identity system.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7353</td>
<td>23.1.55.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST clearly identify and understand their cloud service provider’s security responsibilities for each service consumed, and the aspects of security that the agency is responsible for, <strong>prior</strong> to implementation or adoption of the service.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7354</td>
<td>23.1.55.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD clearly document the aspects of security they and their provider are responsible for.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7355</td>
<td>23.1.55.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD review existing security processes to ensure compatibility with their cloud service provider’s responsibilities.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7359</td>
<td>23.1.56.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD deploy and manage their cloud infrastructure using automation, version control, and infrastructure as code techniques where these are available.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7386</td>
<td>23.2.16.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST update their risk assessment process to account for public cloud specific risks, prior to implementation or adoption of public cloud services.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7387</td>
<td>23.2.16.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST undertake a cloud specific risk assessment in line with the process outlined by the GCDO for each public cloud service, prior to implementation or adoption of public cloud services.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7388</td>
<td>23.2.16.C.03.</td>
<td>Secret, Top Secret, Confidential</td>
<td>Must Not</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST NOT accredit public cloud services for use with data classified CONFIDENTIAL, SECRET, or TOP SECRET.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7389</td>
<td>23.2.16.C.04.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must Not</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST NOT accredit public cloud services to host, process, store, or transmit NZEO endorsed information.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7394</td>
<td>23.2.17.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST consider risks to the availability of systems and information in their design of cloud systems architectures, supporting controls, and governance processes prior to implementation or adoption of public cloud services.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7397</td>
<td>23.2.18.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Agencies SHOULD obtain regular assurance checks on cloud service providers, ensuring they have been undertaken by a suitably qualified assessor.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7400</td>
<td>23.2.19.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Agencies MUST obtain assurance that cloud service providers undertake appropriate software and operating system patching and maintenance.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7404</td>
<td>23.2.20.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Agencies MUST obtain assurance that technical protections exist to adequately isolate tenants.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7407</td>
<td>23.2.21.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD make use of the GCSB endorsed baseline security templates where applicable. </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7433</td>
<td>23.3.18.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Accounts used to perform privileged actions SHOULD NOT be synchronised between environments.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7436</td>
<td>23.3.19.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Where administration interfaces or portals are accessible from the internet, privileged accounts MUST be configured to use multiple factors of authentication.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7437</td>
<td>23.3.19.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Where cloud service interfaces or portals are accessible from the internet, user accounts SHOULD be configured to use multiple factors of authentication.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7440</td>
<td>23.3.20.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Staff offboarding processes MUST be updated to include removing all access to public cloud based services, prior to implementation or adoption of public cloud services.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7443</td>
<td>23.3.21.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Agencies MUST ensure that relying parties continually verify the authenticity of their identity provider’s responses, through for example, cryptographic signing of authentication requests and responses.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7446</td>
<td>23.3.22.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Agencies SHOULD ensure that relying parties use all available information from the identity provider to inform access control decisions.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7461</td>
<td>23.4.9.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>For each cloud service, agencies MUST ensure that the mechanisms used to protect data meet agency requirements.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7462</td>
<td>23.4.9.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Agencies MUST update key management plans to account for differences in public cloud before storing organisational data in a public cloud environment.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7463</td>
<td>23.4.9.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Agencies MUST ensure their key management plan includes provision for migrating data from the cloud environment where it was created.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7466</td>
<td>23.4.10.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST apply the principle of least privilege and configure service endpoints to restrict access to authorised parties.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7469</td>
<td>23.4.11.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Agencies MUST identify where data used in conjunction with a public cloud service is stored or processed, including any replicas or backups that may be created.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7470</td>
<td>23.4.11.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agency risk assessments of public cloud services MUST include any risks arising from data location. Any actions required to mitigate these risks must be identified and documented prior to implementation or adoption of public cloud services.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7474</td>
<td>23.4.12.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST update their disaster recovery plans prior to storing or replicating data in public cloud services, to ensure these plans address any cloud-specific aspects of backup and recovery.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7475</td>
<td>23.4.12.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>When planning tests of disaster recovery processes in accordance with <a title="Backup strategy" href="http://nzism.gcsb.govt.nz/ism-document#Block-13088">6.4.6 Backup strategy</a>, agencies MUST include tests of any cloud-specific data recovery processes.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7511</td>
<td>23.4.13.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="Normal-nonumbering"><span>Agencies MUST have a defined exit strategy for each public cloud service they consume, including a process by which their data can be retrieved and erased from the cloud service as part of contract termination.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7512</td>
<td>23.4.13.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST ensure all data they need to retain is retrieved from the cloud service provider prior to decommissioning.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7513</td>
<td>23.4.13.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p class="NormS17C2"><span>Agencies MUST have assurance that no agency-owned data is retained on the cloud service being decommissioned.</span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7494</td>
<td>23.5.10.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST understand the range of logging capabilities provided by their cloud service providers and determine whether they are sufficient for agency needs.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7496</td>
<td>23.5.11.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST ensure that logs associated with public cloud services are collected, protected, and that their integrity can be confirmed in accordance with the agency’s documented logging requirements.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7498</td>
<td>23.5.12.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td><p>Agencies MUST ensure that cloud service provider logs are incorporated into overall enterprise logging and alerting systems or procedures in a timely manner to detect information security incidents.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7499</td>
<td>23.5.12.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td><p>Agencies SHOULD ensure that tools and procedures used to detect potential information security incidents account for the public cloud services being consumed by the agency.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="controls_removed">
<h1>Controls Removed</h1>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>CID</th>
<th>Title</th>
<th>Classifications</th>
<th>Compliances</th>
<th>Text</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1223</td>
<td>7.2.21.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td>Agencies SHOULD formally report information security incidents using the NCSC on-line reporting form.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2557</td>
<td>11.2.5.C.01.</td>
<td>Confidential, Secret, Top Secret</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td>Agencies intending to use fax machines or MFDs to send classified information MUST comply with additional requirements. Contact the GCSB for further details.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3052</td>
<td>11.6.72.C.01.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must Not</td>
<td>Any RFID tags of class 3, 4, or 5 MUST NOT be permitted in secure spaces.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3054</td>
<td>11.6.72.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Must Not</td>
<td>RFID readers MUST NOT be permitted in secure spaces.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3055</td>
<td>11.6.72.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should Not</td>
<td>Class 2 RFID tags SHOULD NOT be permitted in secure spaces.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1857</td>
<td>16.1.40.C.01.</td>
<td>Confidential, Secret, Top Secret</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td>Agencies MUST implement a password policy enforcing:
a minimum password length of ten characters, consisting of at least three of the following character sets:
lowercase characters (a-z);
uppercase characters (A-Z);
digits (0-9); and
punctuation and special characters.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1858</td>
<td>16.1.40.C.02.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td>Agencies SHOULD implement a password policy enforcing either:
a minimum password length of 16 characters with no complexity requirement; or
a minimum password length of ten characters, consisting of at least three of the following character sets:
lowercase characters (a-z);
uppercase characters (A-Z);
digits (0-9); and
punctuation and special characters.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1868</td>
<td>16.1.41.C.01.</td>
<td>Confidential, Secret, Top Secret</td>
<td>Must</td>
<td>Agencies MUST:
ensure that passwords are changed at least every 90 days;
prevent system users from changing their password more than once a day;
check passwords for compliance with their password selection policy where the system cannot be configured to enforce complexity requirements; and
force the system user to change an expired password on initial logon or if reset.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1870</td>
<td>16.1.41.C.03.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>
<td>Should</td>
<td>Agencies SHOULD:
ensure that passwords are changed at least every 90 days;
prevent system users from changing their password more than once a day;
check passwords for compliance with their password selection policy where the system cannot be configured to enforce complexity requirements; and
force the system user to change an expired password on initial logon or if the password is reset.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1871</td>
<td>16.1.41.C.04.</td>
<td>All Classifications</td>